GMAT申友阅读RC题库-According to the passage, the rationalist and human relations schools of management are alike in that they-破解版07-真题答案解析

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According to P. F. Drucker, the management philosophy known as Total Quality Management (TQM), which is designed to be adopted

consistently throughout an organization and to improve customer service by using sampling theory to reduce the variability of a product's quality, can work successfully in conjunction with two older management systems. As Drucker notes, TQM's scientific approach is consistent with the statistical sampling techniques of the "rationalist" school of scientific management, and the organizational structure associated with TQM is consistent with the social and psychological emphases of the "human relations" school of management.

However, TQM cannot simply be grafted onto these systems or onto certain other non-TQM management systems. Although, as Drucker contends, TQM shares with such systems the ultimate objective of increasing profitability, TQM requires fundamentally different strategies. While the other management systems referred to use upper management decision-making and employee specialization to maximize shareholder profits over the short term, TQM envisions the interests of employees, shareholders, and customers as convergent. For example, lower prices not only benefit consumers but also enhance an organization's competitive edge and ensure its continuance, thus benefiting employees and owners. TQM's emphasis on shared interests is reflected in the decentralized decision-making, integrated production activity, and lateral structure of organizations that achieve the benefits of TQM.

According to the passage, the rationalist and human relations schools

of management are alike in that they

(A) are primarily interested in increasing profits

(B) place little emphasis on issues of organizational structure

(D) are unlikely to lower prices in order to increase profitability

(E) focus chiefly on setting and attaining long-term objectives

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答案：

定位在第二

段。因为第一段只说了TQM和这两个“老”管理系统分别的相同之处。题目问的是两个老管理系统之间的相同之处。 (A)Correct. 都主要对增加利润感兴趣。原文定位在第二段“TQM shares with such systems the ultimate objective of increasing profitability”。 (B)不重视组织结构的问题。原文最后一句话“TQM's emphasis on shared interests is reflected in the decentralized decision-making, integrated production activity, and lateral structure of organizations that achieve the benefits of TQM.”提到的是TQM重视组织结构，但是我们无从得知题目中这两个老管理系统是否也重视组织结构。 (C)用数据抽样技术来增加利益。从原文第一段我们只能看出“the rationalist”是用这种方式的，无从得知"human relations"是否也用这样的技术。 (D)不太可能降价来增加利润。这个选项有一定迷惑性。文章中确实只在说TQM时才提到了降价促销。但是没有任何证据表明题目中的两个老管理系统不用降价这个策略来增加利润。 (E)总体上注意设立和获得长期目标。这个选项定位在“While the other management systems referred to use upper management decision-making and employee specialization to maximize shareholder profits over the short term, TQM envisions the interests of employees, shareholders, and customers as convergent. ”这句话说明题目中这两种管理系统都比较重视短期目标，而不是长期目标。